Full Project – INVESTIGATION TO THE INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL ON TEACHING OF BIOLOGY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG NURSING SCHOOL STUDENT

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

In recent years science has become a highly esteemed and important set of subjects in the country, moreso, that newly in the history of human kind has a society been so dependent upon scientific knowledge as ours. This made science educators to be greatly concerned with students opinion and their attitude to the teaching of science subjects in our schools.

Science as a discipline is termed to be creative structure built upon facts while Daramola (1998) saw science as the utilization of physical objects in the exploration of natural phenomena and betterment of living for human beings. Scientific knowledge is needed by all citizens so as to have an ideal of the way by which they feed cloth and provide shelters for themselves.

This human imagination can lead to the provision of material which enhances human welfare through the process of apprehending human needs. The scientific method consist of the process, observation and experimentation which leads to critical explanation of the nature through in the universe.

Biology is a branch of science which deals with the study of living and non-livings that is both plants and animals. Biology as a science subject is one of the elementary course in Nursing School Curriculum as it deals the study of cells, organs, tissues, their functions and system which helps in the development of scientific skills, attitude and interest as well as the provision of biological factors, concepts and principles (Sargin, 2001).

Biology education is beneficially to individual in many ways, these include;

Helping the individual to understand the parts of the body and its function.
Enabling one to question superstition.
Bringing into focus the need to maintain good health.
Promoting the individual for choice of career such as teaching, medicine, nursing and pharmacy e.t.c.

Because of its numerous benefits, biology is a very popular choice among science subject nation wide. It is offered by candidate sitting for the Senior Secondary School Certificate (SSCE O’Level) compulsory.

Instructional materials are relevant for the teaching of biology and they are very exclusive as it help to facilitate effective understanding of the rudimentary aspect of the subject.

Salami (2005) defined instructional materials as collection of materials and equipment that can be used to facilitate the process of communication otherwise called interaction in the classroom teaching. Such materials are organized and used to effect a control of message, to motivate, catch and hold attention, stimulate the function of the human sense thus aiding understanding and interpretation and or recreation of meaning.

The teaching of biology in Nigerian schools is aimed at the attainment of the following objectives to create awareness on the importance of the subject to equip the student with the ability to discover their environment and recognized the scientific basis of some natural environment around them. Biology is relevant to heath technological development, feeding and general welfare of people.

Its scope and potential is relevant to environmental education through such courses as ecology/microbiology, medicine, pharmacology, nursing, physiology. Its roles as a transforming a great recognized as crucial especially in developing economy.

In view of this acts any improvement in the teaching and learning process of biology were seen as a step to sound educational function at all levels of our educational system. In this perspective, the factor responsible for mass failure in biology are lack of trained teacher, insufficient facilities, unavailability of up-to-date textbooks, unseriousness on the part of the students and above all lack of motivation on the part of the lectures who handle the course. In addition to these, lack of basic instructional packages and indifferent attitude of the students could facilitate students poor performance biology in Nursing Schools.

The concern of the study is to investigate into the influence of instructional materials in the teaching of Biology and the Academic Achievement of the students in Nursing School Ilorin.

Statement of the Problem

It is often identified that instructional materials are essential tools which facilitate effective understanding in the classroom interaction, it equipped and built on the teacher competence. In order to itemize correctly the challenges that Nursing School Students faces in the teaching and learning situation. It will be necessary to study their mindset. The study of this will give impetus to the knowledge of how they react to certain conditions, it is widely accepted that when leaders/lecturer utilizes.

Instructional materials of all sorts ranging from the visual aids e.g. T.V, Computer to teach, Audio-visual and Multisensory devices.

This research is served towards assessing the use of instructional materials in teaching of Biology and how it has affected students performance in Nursing School in Ilorin.

Purpose of the Study

The aim of the study is to identify various influences which the use of instructional materials has on the teaching of Biology in Nursing School by observing the influence on selected students in the school.

The specific objectives of the study includes:

Identify some instructional material uses in schools.
Assessing the efficiency of the use of such instructional materials in the nursing school.
Appraise students response to the use of this educational resource materials.
Determine if it enhances teaching and learning.
Compare and contrast student performance visa-vis the use or lack of use of instructional materials.

General Questions

The following questions are raised for the purpose of this research work.

What are instructional materials?
What factors determines teachers competence on the uses of instructional materials?
How does instructional materials influence the teaching of Biology?

Research Questions

The study raises some vital research questions which guide investigation on some ideals and assist in coming to clear conclusions.

The research questions are itemized as follows:

Do teachers in schools (Nursing School) use instructional materials while teaching the students?
How many students passes biology regularly with or without instructional materials usage.
Is their any link between instructional materials usage and nursing school students academic achievement?

The three research questions will lead to the formation of the following hypotheses which then be tested during the course of this study. They are:

Instructional materials has a pertinent influence on student performance in Biology in Nursing School.
Instructional materials has no relevant influence on student performance in Biology in Nursing School.

Significance of the Study

The study intends to investigate the influence(s) of instructional material on teaching of Biology and Nursing School Students academic performance in Ilorin. The study amongst other thing will assess the impact of the use of instructional materials. It will also provide detailed information on the subject matter for effective and meaningful teaching.

It goes a long way to encourage teachers to put in more effort at ensuring that they develop or adapt such materials in their teaching so as to provide effective understanding.

The study also enables the teacher to identify the appropriate instructional materials available for Biology instruction, their usage and how effective such materials in classroom interaction.

However, some of the problems associated with uses of instructional materials in classroom interaction will be identified and provide necessary background information on each identified instructional materials so as to proffer appropriate solution.

This research study would be impetus for further educational research on instructional material usage in higher institution of learning.

Delimitation of the Study

The study is limited to school of Nursing Ilorin, Kwara State, because the topic of this project focuses on the influence of instructional materials on teaching of Biology and Nursing School Students academic performance. Thus the study covers Kwara State School of Nursing Ilorin as a case study, this is due to time and financial constraints on the part of the researcher.

Definition of Major Terms

The following terms as reflected in the study are given relevant meaning as follows:

Instructional Materials: These are collection of materials and equipment that can be used to facilitate the process of classroom instruction.
Influence: This refers to the effect or resulting condition of information instructional materials in teaching of Biology in Nursing School.
Biology: Is a science subject which is concerned with the study of living thing and non-living thing, it is one of the essential subject in Nursing School.
Academic Performance: Is the attitude or the outcome of the students behaviour towards their education.
Investigation: Is refer to as a way of examine all the facts connected with an event, situation or allegation in order to discover the truth in Biology teaching.
Nursing School: This is classified as higher institution of learning where rudimentary aspect of human health treatment are learned, to build a future potential nurse.
Teacher/ Lecturer: This is a body responsible for impacting knowledge to the learner in the school.
Students: These are learners in Nursing School who offered Biology as a Subject.

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