Full Project – Design and implementation of computerized timetable schedule system

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

A schedule is a plan that gives a list of events or tasks and the times at which each one should happen or be done. A schedule or a timetable, as a basic time-management tool, consists of a list of times at which possible tasks, events, or actions are intended to take place, or of a sequence of events in the chronological order in which such things are intended to take place. The process of creating a schedule, deciding how to order these tasks and how to commit resources between the varieties of possible tasks is called scheduling, and a person responsible for making a particular schedule may be called a scheduler. Making and following schedules is an ancient human activity.

Scheduling is the process of arranging, controlling and optimizing work and workloads in a production process or manufacturing process. Scheduling is used to allocate plant and machinery resources, plan human resources, plan production processes and purchase materials. Timetable can be defined as the optimization of given activities, actions or events to a set of objects in space-time matrix to satisfy a set of desirable constraints.

A key factor in running an educational center or basically an academic environment is the need for a well-planned, well-throughout and clash-free timetable. Back in the days when technology was not in wide use, (lecture) timetables were manually created by the academic institution.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Every school year, tertiary institutions are faced with the tedious task of drawing up academic timetables that satisfies the various courses and the respective examination being offered by the different departments.

Timetable development process starts when each Head of Department provide the following information to be used for timetable scheduling. The information provides the modules with dates, time and venues suitable in a particular semester:

Examinable courses in a particular
Dates for lectures to be held (Lectures can be scheduled between Monday and Friday).
Specified time for lectures
The venue of the scheduled

A timetable scheduling problem consists of four (4) parameters and they are time, resources available, set of scheduled contacts and the constants possible. This problem assigns time and resources to the contacts on such a way that the constraints will be satisfied. In various timetabling problems, educational timetabling has been generally examined from practical standpoint. Academic timetable is very crucial but it consumes time due to its frequent occurrences and usage among higher institution of learning. Another reason for the difficulty is because of the great complexity of the construction of size of lectures and examinations, due to the scheduling size of the lectures and examinations periods and high number of constraints and criteria of allocation which is usually circumvented with the use of little strict heuristics, based on solutions from previous year (Jose, 2008).

The quality of the timetable determines the quality of time dedicated by lecturers, students and administrators to academic activities (Merlot and Lee, 2004).

This academic timetable must meet a number of requirements and should satisfy the desires of all entities involved simultaneously as wee as possible. The timings of events must be such that nobody has more than one event at the same time (Roberts, 2012).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The available system currently builds or generates a set of timetables, but most times have issues with generating a clash-free and complete timetable. Often time, two departments might be offering same course and is being handled by same lecturer, and in order to reduce his stress, the lecturer often merge both classes irrespective of the other class’ own time and this often affects the students on lashes and work overload and academic stress. Most educational institutions have resorted to manual generation of their timetables which according to statistics takes much time to get completed and optimal. Even at the optimal stage of the manually generated timetable, there are still a few clashes and it is the lecturer that takes a clashing course that works out the logistics of the course so as to avoid the clash.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of this work is to generate a timetable while demonstrating the possibility of building the schedules automatically through the use of computers in a way that they are optimal and complete with little or no redundancy.

The objectives of this work are as follows

To be able to optimize the algorithm used in today’s timetable systems to generate the best of timetabling data with fewer or no
To bring approved timetable closer to users especially to those who use android phones.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The reasons for this work are outlined below

The proposed system will provide an attractive graphical front-end for the administrators and students (mobile platform).
It will improve flexibility in timetable

The system will save

Productivity will be
The system can be revised i.e. its backend can be
Proper recording of class size, number of courses offered, number and capacity of available lecture

Efficient execution of academic

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study will only cover the management and allocation of spaces and time for lectures in the Department of Computer Science, Delta State Polytechnic, Oghara.

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

The researcher outlined some of the possible limitations of the study as follows

Incomplete data from data collation
Wrong data input from technical

Wrong constraint

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Schedule: a plan for carrying out a process or procedure, giving lists of intended events and times.

Allocate: To set apart for a specific purpose

Android: This is a mobile operating system based on the Linux Kernel and currently developed by Google.

Backend Application: Serves indirectly in support of front-end services, usually by being closer to the required resource or having the capability to communicate with the required resource.

Frontend Application: This is an application that users interact with directly.

Google Cloud Messaging: GCM is a tool from Google that allows developers to send data from their server(s) to users’ device(s) and receive message(s) from devices on the same connection.

JavaScript Object Notation: is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for human to read and write. It is a collection of name/value pairs.

Hypertext Preprocessor: PHP is a server-side scripting language used in building dynamic content for the web.

Extensible Markup Language: XML is a language used in designing android layouts.

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