Full Project – FUNDING AND PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES IN CROSS RIVER STATE

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Table of Content

Abstract

Chapter One: Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Objective of the Study

1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Research Hypothesis

1.6 Significance of the Study

1.7 Scope of the Study

1.8 Limitation of the Study

1.9 Definition of Terms

1.10 Organization of the Study

Chapter Two: Review of Literature

2.1 Conceptual Framework

2.2 Theoretical Framework

2.3 Empirical Review

Chapter Three: Research Methodology

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Population of the Study

3.3 Sample Size Determination

3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure

3.5 Research Instrument and Administration

3.6 Method of Data Collection

3.7 Method of Data Analysis

3.8 Validity of the Study

3.9 Reliability of the Study

3.10 Ethical Consideration

Chapter Four: Data Presentation and Analysis

4.1 Data Presentation

4.2 Analysis of Data

4.3 Answering Research Questions

4.4 Test of Hypotheses

Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

References

APPENDIX

QUESTIONNAIRE

ABSTARCT

This study was carried out to examine Funding and public library services in Cross River State.. The study was specifically set to identify the source of funding libraries in schools with students who have special needs in Cross River State, ascertain how inadequate funding affect the provision of academic library service in college libraries in Cross River state, and identify the factors contributing to under-funding college libraries in Cross River state. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of librarians in Federal College of Education, Obudu, and Cross River State College of Education, Akampa. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 86 respondents and all were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and percentage, while the hypotheses was tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that the source of funding libraries in schools with students who have special needs in Cross River State includes the following; government subvention, Internally generated revenue (IGR), library development levy (LDL), TETfund, Public-Private Partnership, grants donation, and endowment fund. Furthermore, the study showed that inadequate funding affect the provision of academic library service in college libraries in Cross River state as it results to acute shortage of current and relevant collections, security issues, poor maintenance of library facilities, poor staff development, and Poor adoption of ICT facilities. The study recommends that academic institutions should organize appeal fund launchings for the purpose of developing their library services. This should involve important individuals, alumnus of the institutions and corporate bodies in the community. To mention but a few.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Of The Study

Public libraries play a crucial role in providing access to information, promoting literacy, and supporting lifelong learning. However, the availability of adequate funding is essential to ensure the effective functioning of these libraries and the delivery of quality services to the community. One significant aspect of funding for public library services in Cross River State is the impact it has on the library’s collection development. Adequate funding allows libraries to acquire a diverse range of materials, including books, e-books, audiovisual resources, and digital databases. This ensures that library users have access to a wide variety of information and resources that cater to their diverse needs and interests. Without sufficient funding, libraries may struggle to update their collections, resulting in outdated and limited resources for the community.

Fund is seen as the oil that keeps the wheels of every organisation running, libraries inclusive. When there is paucity of fund, it undermines the ability to acquire facilities or equipment that will lead to effective service delivery by librarians to their users. Such basic facilities as computers, software packages, Internet accessories, required for modern library service provision cannot be acquired when funds are not available. Funding is the act of providing financial resources, usually in the form of money or other values to finance a need, program, or project, usually by an organisation or company. The Librarian Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN) (2013) organised a workshop at Enugu on grant proposal writing for librarians with the aim of equipping them write beautiful proposal grants for donor agencies to provide them with fund. However, it should not only be limited to this because there is the need to also build the consciousness in librarians to always face the reality that funds are not forthcoming. A library has to be well funded before all necessary information need could be procured.

Research has shown that, the current lower levels of proficiency in reading and learning are due to under-funding of libraries and their services (Dibu, 2013). Libraries are the cornerstone of civil society and of the liberal democracy we have come to cherish. We must not allow them to crumble into disuse. The goals of education cannot be achieved without emphasis on the proper and adequate funding of the libraries and that quality education is impossible without quality library in any given educational institutions (Umar, 2013). Adequate levels of funding are crucial to the success of a library in fulfilling its roles. Without suitable level of funding over the long-term, it is impossible to develop policies for service provision and make the most effective use of available resources. This can be seen in number of examples: A new library building without adequate funds to maintain it; collections of new books with no money for their replacement; and computer systems without funds to maintain and update them. Funding is required not only when a school library is established, but should also be sustained on an assured and regular basis.

Library funding is the act of providing or making available financial resources for use in developing and equipping the library, these funds are needed to provide library services, materials and development of human resources. In fact, funding has the capacity to bring about renewal, maintenance, and sustenance, nourishment, durability of school libraries. However, the library is invariably a part of a wider school and its budget is negotiated with its parent organization. The parent body is therefore the proprietor that takes full responsibility for its funding. Wikipedia, (2013) defined funding as a way of providing resources, usually in form of money or other value such as effort or time for a project, a person, a business, or any other private or public institutions.

Librarians have the capacity of influencing the lives of individuals and consciousness of the society through information provision. The Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP 2012) stated that, librarians are usually the link between information users and the information they require and therefore occupy a privileged position which carries responsibilities. In order for this privileged position not to be abused it is essential for librarians to perform their duties and responsibilities taking into cognizance that ethical standards must be maintained by effective service delivery to the users. The primary purpose of every library is to provide resources and services in a variety of media to meet the needs of individuals and groups for education, information and personal development including recreation and leisure. Libraries today, is a busy information Centre where information is packaged in various formats to the advantaged of the users, and the value of the library collection depends not only the quantity of information sources but on the effective way and means of providing and interpreting them to user. According to Akpan-Ataha (2013) for information to be at the disposal of everybody, there must be adequately equipped library and well-packaged information service delivery. This is because information has become the driving force behind the development of nations and proper service delivery has provided raw materials for socio-political and economic development.

Eskay and Chima (2013) asserted that Nigerian libraries experience limited financial resource towards funding of the information resource and services of students with special needs. Fund is needed to procure materials to all categories of people (challenged or unchallenged) and also for the maintenance of staff, facilities and services. Therefore, there is a compelling need to source for fund to meet the ever increasing demands of libraries in order to be relevant not only to their clientele but to the general public. Most libraries generate little or no fund internally. In school libraries with special needs under study, their main source of fund is from the State Government.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The statement of the problem regarding funding and public library services in Cross River State is a crucial aspect to address. Cross River State, located in southeastern Nigeria, is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse population. However, the state’s public library services have been facing significant challenges in terms of funding and resources.

One of the main problems is the lack of adequate funding for public libraries in Cross River State. This has resulted in limited resources and outdated facilities, making it difficult for libraries to meet the needs of the community. Without sufficient funding, libraries struggle to provide essential services such as access to books, educational programs, and internet connectivity.

Another issue is the limited awareness and understanding of the importance of public libraries in the community. Many people in Cross River State may not fully appreciate the role that libraries play in promoting literacy, education, and community development. This lack of awareness can further hinder efforts to secure funding and support for public library services.

Furthermore, the problem of funding and public library services in Cross River State is exacerbated by the rapid advancement of technology. As more information becomes accessible online, there is a growing perception that physical libraries are becoming obsolete. This misconception can lead to a decrease in funding and support for public libraries, further exacerbating the challenges they face.

There is no doubt that the Nigerian economy is not as developed and buoyant as those of the big industrialized countries. This underdeveloped economy, undoubtedly, affects the volume of funds available to manage libraries particularly the school libraries in the country. However, prudent management of available financial resources, efficient fund administration and fiscal discipline can help generate the funds required for library services in Nigerian educational institutions.

Libraries that are facing the difficulties in providing quality services to students or user in this information age that is characterised by stiff competition and survival are most likely to go into extinction.

Corroborating this submission, the researchers conducted a preliminary investigation which revealed that poor service to students is a common problem in Nigeria. In addition, poor funding of library for acquisition of needed resources and service have also been observed in schools. It is against this backdrop that the researchers deem it fit to carry out this study.

1.3 Objectives Of The Study

The main study objective is to examine Funding and public library services in Cross River State while the specific objectives of the study include;

Identify the source of funding libraries in schools with students who have special needs in Cross River State.
Ascertain how inadequate funding affect the provision of academic library service in college libraries in Cross River state.
Identify the factors contributing to under-funding college libraries in Cross River state.

1.4 Research Questions

The study will be guided by the following questions;

What are the source of funding libraries in schools with students who have special needs in Cross River State?
How does inadequate funding affect the provision of academic library service in college libraries in Cross River state?
What are the factors contributing to under-funding college libraries in Cross River state?

1.5 Research Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant relationship between funding and the provision academic library service in college libraries.

Ha: There is a significant relationship between funding and the provision academic library service in college libraries.

1.6 Significance Of The Study

The study on funding and public library services in Cross River State is of great significance as it sheds light on the importance of adequate financial resources for the development and sustainability of public libraries. Public libraries play a crucial role in providing access to information, promoting literacy, and fostering community engagement. However, without sufficient funding, these libraries may struggle to meet the diverse needs of their users and provide quality services.

By examining the funding situation in Cross River State, this study aims to identify the challenges faced by public libraries in securing adequate financial resources. It will explore the impact of limited funding on the availability of library materials, technology infrastructure, staff training, and outreach programs. Understanding these challenges is essential for policymakers, library administrators, and stakeholders to develop effective strategies and advocate for increased funding to support public library services.

Furthermore, the study will assess the current funding models and sources available for public libraries in Cross River State. It will analyze the allocation of funds from government budgets, grants, donations, and other potential revenue streams. This analysis will provide valuable insights into the existing funding mechanisms and their effectiveness in meeting the needs of public libraries. It will also help identify potential areas for improvement and innovation in funding strategies.

Another significant aspect of this study is its focus on the impact of funding on the accessibility and inclusivity of public library services. Adequate funding enables libraries to offer a wide range of resources and services that cater to the diverse needs of their communities. It ensures that libraries can acquire and maintain up-to-date collections, provide accessible technology, and offer programs that promote literacy, lifelong learning, and cultural enrichment. Understanding the relationship between funding and accessibility is crucial for ensuring equitable access to library services for all residents of Cross River State.

Additionally, the study will examine the correlation between funding and the overall usage and satisfaction levels of public library services in Cross River State. It will investigate whether there is a direct relationship between funding levels and the number of library visitors, borrowing rates, program attendance, and user satisfaction. This analysis will provide empirical evidence to support the argument that adequate funding positively impacts the utilization and perceived value of public library services.

Finally, the findings of this study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on library funding and public library management. It will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and library professionals interested in understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with funding public libraries. The study’s recommendations and insights can inform future funding strategies, policy decisions, and best practices for enhancing public library services not only in Cross River State but also in other regions facing similar challenges.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study is structured to generally examine Funding and public library services in Cross River State.s. The study will be carried out in selected college libraries in Cross River states.

1.8 Limitation Of The Study

Like in every human endeavour, the researcher encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. More so, the researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.

1.9 Definition Of Terms

Funding: Funding refers to the financial resources or capital that is provided or allocated for a specific purpose or project. In the context of funding and public library services in Cross River State, it refers to the financial support or resources that are necessary for the operation, maintenance, and improvement of public library services in the state.

Public library services: Public library services, on the other hand, are the services and resources that are provided by a public library to the general public. These services can include access to books, magazines, newspapers, digital resources, computers, internet access, educational programs, community events, and more. Public library services aim to promote literacy, education, and lifelong learning, as well as provide a space for community engagement and cultural enrichment. In the context of Cross River State, public library services refer to the services provided by the public libraries in the state to the residents and communities they serve.

Source of Funding: A source of funding refers to the specific place or entity from which financial resources or capital is obtained for a particular purpose. It can include various sources such as government grants, private donations, corporate sponsorships, fundraising events, or revenue generated from services or products. The source of funding is crucial for organizations or projects as it determines the availability and sustainability of financial resources to support their operations and initiatives. Identifying and securing reliable and diverse sources of funding is essential for the success and growth of public library services in Cross River State or any other context.

1.10 Organization Of The Study

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows. Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.

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Full Project – FUNDING AND PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES IN CROSS RIVER STATE

Full Project – FUNDING AND PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES IN CROSS RIVER STATE

Full Project – FUNDING AND PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES IN CROSS RIVER STATE

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